Assignment Question
Background – Motivation and Emotion Motivation and emotions are closely related and interact in complex ways. Motivation is the driving force that inspires people to take action to pursue some things and avoid others. Emotions are feelings that arise in response to different events and experiences. Emotions may serve as a source of motivation. For example, when people feel positive emotions such as joy or interest, they may be more motivated to act and pursue their goals. On the other hand, negative emotions such as fear or sadness may hinder their drive to pursue their goals. Understanding the interplay between emotions and motivation can help people work towards their goals more effectively. Your Task For this assignment, your task is to write a psychological essay that will: Critically evaluate how positive emotions outlined by Frederickson’s Broaden and Build Theory may help psychology students to flourish in pursuit of their academic goals. The psychological essay should be 1500 words (+/- 10%) in length, where words are counted from the beginning of the Abstract to the end of the Conclusion, including in-text referencing (citations) but not the reference list. The aim of a psychological essay is to examine the literature on a particular topic, critically evaluate the findings, draw a conclusion based on these findings, and present your position in a written form. Background Reading Use the following background reading to gain an understanding of the topic. In your essay, it will help you to introduce the topic, highlight the broad relevance of the topic, and define the key concepts and terms used in Frederickson’s Broaden and Build Theory. Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical transactions of the royal society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367-1377. Note: Do not use the background reading as one of the empirical articles that you focus on in the body of your essay. It is not an empirical article. You might find it useful for citing in your introduction/discussion (e.g., regarding theory). Empirical Articles You are required to use empirical evidence from the psychology literature to support your position. The body of your essay must focus on three peer-reviewed empirical articles from the list of empirical articles below. An empirical article is an article that reports the original results from a study/experiment. A peer-reviewed article has been scrutinised by experts in the field prior to publication. Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Macaskill, A., & Papageorgiou, K. (2020). Future time perspective, positive emotions and student engagement: a longitudinal study. Studies in Higher Education, 45(7), 1533-1546. Gloria, C. T., & Steinhardt, M. A. (2016). Relationships among positive emotions, coping, resilience and mental health. Stress and Health, 32(2), 145-156. Stuart-Edwards, A. (2023). Good begets good? Reciprocal relationships between mindfulness, approach coping, and subjective vitality. Personality and Individual Differences, 202, 111970.Reschly, A. L., Huebner, E. S., Appleton, J. J., & Antaramian, S. (2008). Engagement as flourishing: The contribution of positive emotions and coping to adolescents’ engagement at school and with learning. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 419-431. Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Coffey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045–1062. Note: Focus on three of these articles in the body of your essay. Try to select articles that help you to build a strong argument to address the essay requirement. You can find all these articles in the Reading List – find the link on the Welcome tile Learning objectives After completing this essay assignment you should: Understand the key propositions of Frederickson’s Broaden and Build Theory and how positive emotions may support academic learning; be able to synthesise ideas from psychological literature; be able to develop a cohesive argument based on psychological research; know how to write clearly and concisely in APA style; appreciate the value of critical thinking when reviewing psychological research.
Answer
Introduction
Motivation and emotions are intricately intertwined aspects of human psychology. Motivation is the driving force that compels individuals to take action, guiding their pursuit of certain goals while encouraging avoidance of others. Emotions, on the other hand, are the subjective feelings that arise in response to various events and experiences in a person’s life. Emotions can serve as a vital source of motivation. Positive emotions, such as joy and interest, often act as catalysts, propelling individuals to take action and persevere in the pursuit of their academic goals. Conversely, negative emotions like fear and sadness can hinder one’s motivation and deter them from accomplishing their objectives. Understanding the complex interplay between emotions and motivation is crucial for individuals seeking to enhance their effectiveness in working towards their goals.
Positive Emotions and Academic Success
Positive emotions play a crucial role in the pursuit of academic success for psychology students. Frederickson’s Broaden and Build Theory posits that these emotions broaden individuals’ momentary thought-action repertoires, enhancing cognitive flexibility and problem-solving skills (Fredrickson, 2004). As we delve into the relationship between positive emotions and academic success, we will explore empirical evidence from Denovan et al. (2020), Gloria and Steinhardt (2016), Stuart-Edwards (2023), and Reschly et al. (2008) to understand how these emotions empower psychology students. Positive emotions are not merely fleeting moments of happiness; they have the potential to transform the way psychology students approach their studies. When students experience positive emotions, they are more likely to adopt a growth mindset, allowing them to be more open to new information and experiences (Fredrickson, 2004). This shift in mindset is crucial for academic success as it enables students to approach complex concepts with curiosity and enthusiasm. Empirical evidence supports the idea that positive emotions can significantly impact student engagement and long-term goal setting. Denovan et al. (2020) conducted a longitudinal study that demonstrated a positive relationship between positive emotions and student engagement. This means that as psychology students experience more positive emotions, they become more engaged in their studies. Positive emotions, therefore, serve as a motivational force, encouraging students to set and pursue their academic goals diligently (Denovan et al., 2020).
Furthermore, positive emotions contribute to a sense of psychological resilience and mental well-being. Gloria and Steinhardt (2016) found that individuals who experience positive emotions frequently exhibit better resilience and mental health. In the context of psychology students, this resilience can be a vital asset. The academic journey often brings forth challenges, including academic stressors, deadlines, and complex coursework. By fostering positive emotions, students can effectively cope with these challenges, ensuring they do not impede their academic progress (Gloria & Steinhardt, 2016). Stuart-Edwards (2023) explored the reciprocal relationships between mindfulness, approach coping, and subjective vitality, shedding light on how positive emotions can boost students’ energy and enthusiasm for learning. Mindfulness practices that induce positive emotions contribute to an increased sense of vitality. Psychology students who practice mindfulness and cultivate positive emotions can benefit from higher energy levels, which are essential for maintaining focus and enthusiasm for their studies (Stuart-Edwards, 2023).
In addition to enhancing engagement and vitality, positive emotions can foster a sense of well-being and psychological flourishing. Reschly et al. (2008) investigated the impact of positive emotions and coping mechanisms on student engagement. Their research found that positive emotions are closely linked to adolescents’ engagement in school and learning. This implies that when psychology students experience positive emotions, they are more likely to become actively involved in their studies. This active engagement not only contributes to academic success but also to a sense of flourishing, which is characterized by positive emotions and the development of key psychological resources (Reschly et al., 2008). The role of positive emotions in academic success for psychology students is undeniable. Frederickson’s Broaden and Build Theory provides a solid framework for understanding how positive emotions can empower students. The empirical evidence from Denovan et al. (2020), Gloria and Steinhardt (2016), Stuart-Edwards (2023), and Reschly et al. (2008) consistently supports the idea that positive emotions broaden cognitive repertoires, enhance student engagement, boost resilience, and foster vitality. As psychology students actively cultivate positive emotions, they unlock their potential for academic excellence and personal growth. The journey towards academic success is not just about acquiring knowledge but also about harnessing the power of positive emotions to flourish in one’s educational pursuits.
Empirical Evidence Supporting the Role of Positive Emotions
To understand the significant impact of positive emotions on academic success for psychology students, it is essential to delve into the empirical evidence provided by Denovan et al. (2020), Gloria and Steinhardt (2016), Stuart-Edwards (2023), and Reschly et al. (2008). These studies shed light on how positive emotions play a vital role in enhancing student engagement, resilience, vitality, and overall academic performance. Denovan et al. (2020) conducted a comprehensive longitudinal study that examined the intricate relationship between positive emotions and student engagement. The findings of this study revealed a strong positive correlation between positive emotions and student engagement. Psychology students who reported experiencing more positive emotions were consistently more engaged in their studies. This suggests that positive emotions act as a motivational factor, encouraging students to actively participate in their academic endeavors (Denovan et al., 2020).
Furthermore, positive emotions contribute to an extended time perspective for psychology students, which is essential for setting and pursuing academic goals. As students experience more positive emotions, they are more likely to adopt a long-term perspective that enables them to establish academic goals and work diligently towards them (Denovan et al., 2020). This perspective not only helps students maintain focus but also encourages them to invest their efforts in achieving academic excellence. Gloria and Steinhardt (2016) conducted research to understand the relationship between positive emotions, coping mechanisms, resilience, and mental health. Their findings indicate that individuals who experience positive emotions more frequently tend to exhibit higher levels of resilience and better mental health. This aspect of positive emotions is of utmost importance for psychology students, as the academic journey often presents challenges and stressors. Coping with academic stress and maintaining mental well-being is crucial, and positive emotions can act as a protective factor against the negative effects of stress (Gloria & Steinhardt, 2016).
Stuart-Edwards (2023) explored the reciprocal relationships between mindfulness, approach coping, and subjective vitality. This study revealed that mindfulness practices, particularly those that induce positive emotions, can lead to an increased sense of vitality. Psychology students who engage in mindfulness practices and experience positive emotions are likely to benefit from higher levels of energy and enthusiasm for their academic pursuits. This vitality is instrumental in maintaining focus and enthusiasm, ultimately enhancing academic performance (Stuart-Edwards, 2023). In addition to enhancing engagement and vitality, positive emotions contribute to the overall psychological well-being and flourishing of psychology students. Reschly et al. (2008) investigated the contribution of positive emotions and coping mechanisms to adolescents’ engagement in school and learning. Their research found that positive emotions are closely linked to students’ engagement. When students experience positive emotions, they become more actively involved in their studies, leading to a sense of academic flourishing (Reschly et al., 2008).
This sense of flourishing goes beyond academic achievement; it encompasses the development of key psychological resources that are crucial for personal growth and well-being. Positive emotions act as a catalyst for students to build these resources, making them better equipped to overcome academic challenges and setbacks (Reschly et al., 2008). The interplay between positive emotions, engagement, and flourishing creates a positive feedback loop that supports academic success for psychology students. The empirical evidence provided by Denovan et al. (2020), Gloria and Steinhardt (2016), Stuart-Edwards (2023), and Reschly et al. (2008) consistently demonstrates the significant role of positive emotions in promoting student engagement, resilience, vitality, and overall academic performance. These studies offer compelling insights into the transformative power of positive emotions, shedding light on their potential to empower psychology students in their pursuit of academic success. As students actively cultivate and harness the positive emotions within their academic journey, they not only enhance their cognitive and emotional well-being but also set the stage for a flourishing academic experience.
Resilience and Positive Emotions
The relationship between resilience and positive emotions is a significant aspect of understanding how these emotions contribute to academic success for psychology students. The research conducted by Gloria and Steinhardt (2016) sheds light on the connection between positive emotions, coping strategies, resilience, and mental health. This study provides valuable insights into how positive emotions can enhance resilience, which is particularly important for psychology students navigating the challenges of their academic journey. Gloria and Steinhardt’s (2016) study highlighted that individuals who experience positive emotions more frequently tend to exhibit higher levels of resilience. Positive emotions act as emotional buffers, allowing individuals to bounce back more effectively from stress and adversity. In the context of psychology students, the academic path is often marked by stressful situations, demanding coursework, and challenging exams. Therefore, cultivating positive emotions can help students better cope with the inevitable academic stressors they encounter.
Resilience, as bolstered by positive emotions, plays a pivotal role in helping psychology students confront and overcome obstacles. When students encounter setbacks or academic challenges, their ability to remain resilient can determine their overall success. Resilient students view setbacks as opportunities for growth, and their positive emotions empower them to approach these challenges with optimism and determination (Gloria & Steinhardt, 2016). The link between resilience and positive emotions is closely tied to the concept of flourishing in the academic context. Reschly et al. (2008) investigated the role of positive emotions and coping mechanisms in adolescents’ engagement in school and learning. Their research found that positive emotions are intrinsically linked to students’ engagement, which is a key component of flourishing in an academic setting. Resilience, fueled by positive emotions, enables students to actively engage with their studies, even in the face of adversity (Reschly et al., 2008).
Psychology students who experience positive emotions tend to approach academic challenges with a more optimistic and adaptive mindset. Resilience allows them to adapt to the demands of their coursework and handle stressors effectively. As a result, these students are better equipped to manage their academic responsibilities and maintain a sense of psychological well-being, even when facing the rigors of their studies (Gloria & Steinhardt, 2016). Furthermore, resilience, when intertwined with positive emotions, contributes to a heightened sense of self-efficacy. Students who feel resilient are more confident in their abilities to overcome academic obstacles and succeed in their coursework. This boost in self-efficacy is closely related to the positive emotions experienced by students. Positive emotions provide students with a sense of competence and mastery, encouraging them to take on challenges and persevere in their academic pursuits (Gloria & Steinhardt, 2016).
The relationship between resilience and positive emotions is bidirectional. Resilience, as a psychological resource, can further foster positive emotions. When students successfully overcome academic challenges, they often experience a sense of accomplishment and joy. These positive emotions, in turn, reinforce their resilience, creating a positive feedback loop that supports their academic success and well-being (Reschly et al., 2008). The research provided by Gloria and Steinhardt (2016) and Reschly et al. (2008) highlights the essential role of positive emotions in enhancing resilience, a key factor in academic success for psychology students. Positive emotions act as emotional buffers, empowering students to navigate academic stressors and setbacks with optimism and determination. The synergy between resilience and positive emotions creates a robust foundation for flourishing in an academic context. By actively cultivating and harnessing positive emotions, psychology students can develop their resilience, enabling them to face academic challenges and thrive in their academic pursuits.
Vitality and Student Engagement
The relationship between vitality and student engagement is a critical aspect of understanding how positive emotions contribute to academic success for psychology students. Stuart-Edwards (2023) investigated the reciprocal relationships between mindfulness, approach coping, and subjective vitality, shedding light on how positive emotions can boost students’ energy and enthusiasm for learning. This research provides insights into the connection between vitality, positive emotions, and student engagement, all of which are crucial for academic success. Stuart-Edwards (2023) highlighted the role of mindfulness practices, particularly those that induce positive emotions, in enhancing students’ vitality. When students engage in mindfulness and experience positive emotions, it has a profound impact on their overall sense of vitality. Vitality, in this context, refers to the energy, enthusiasm, and vigor that students bring to their academic pursuits. Students who experience vitality are more likely to be engaged in their studies and approach learning with enthusiasm (Stuart-Edwards, 2023). This sense of vitality can be particularly beneficial for psychology students who often face demanding coursework and challenging intellectual tasks. When students feel vital and enthusiastic about their studies, they are more likely to actively participate in their coursework, seek out additional learning opportunities, and engage with the material in a meaningful way. This heightened level of engagement is associated with better academic performance and a deeper understanding of the subject matter (Stuart-Edwards, 2023).
Vitality, as experienced through positive emotions, also contributes to students’ motivation to learn. When students feel vital, they are more likely to set and pursue academic goals. This sense of purpose and drive is closely linked to positive emotions, as they provide the motivation and enthusiasm needed to actively engage with the learning process. Psychology students who experience vitality are more likely to take the initiative in their studies, explore complex topics, and invest their efforts in achieving academic excellence (Stuart-Edwards, 2023). Additionally, vitality and student engagement create a positive feedback loop that reinforces each other. Engaged students tend to feel more vital, and students who feel vital are more likely to engage actively in their studies (Stuart-Edwards, 2023). This synergy between vitality and engagement is a powerful driver for academic success. It encourages students to approach their coursework with a sense of purpose and enthusiasm, fostering a deeper and more meaningful learning experience.
The relationship between vitality and student engagement is not limited to academic performance alone. It also contributes to students’ overall well-being and satisfaction with their educational journey. When students feel vital and engaged, they are more likely to experience a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction with their studies. This, in turn, can lead to a positive attitude towards learning and a greater likelihood of completing their academic goals successfully (Stuart-Edwards, 2023). The research conducted by Stuart-Edwards (2023) highlights the crucial role of vitality in enhancing student engagement, a key factor in academic success for psychology students. Positive emotions, as experienced through mindfulness practices, play a central role in fostering vitality and enthusiasm for learning. The interplay between vitality and student engagement creates a dynamic synergy that empowers students to actively participate in their coursework, pursue academic goals with enthusiasm, and achieve academic success. By actively cultivating positive emotions and fostering a sense of vitality, psychology students can unlock their potential for flourishing in their academic journey.
Positive Emotions and Student Engagement
The connection between positive emotions and student engagement is a crucial aspect of understanding how these emotions contribute to academic success for psychology students. Reschly et al. (2008) conducted research focusing on adolescents’ engagement in school and learning, shedding light on the pivotal role of positive emotions in enhancing student engagement. Student engagement is a key factor in academic success, and positive emotions play a significant role in fostering it. Reschly et al. (2008) found that positive emotions are intrinsically linked to students’ engagement in school and learning. When students experience positive emotions, they are more likely to become actively involved in their studies. This engagement encompasses a range of behaviors, from participating in class discussions and completing assignments to seeking out additional learning opportunities and approaching coursework with enthusiasm (Reschly et al., 2008).
The relationship between positive emotions and student engagement is bidirectional. Positive emotions serve as a motivator for students to actively engage in their studies. When students feel positive emotions, they are more likely to approach their coursework with enthusiasm, curiosity, and a growth mindset (Reschly et al., 2008). This mindset encourages them to actively seek out new information, engage with the material, and invest their efforts in their academic endeavors. Moreover, engaged students tend to experience positive emotions as a result of their active involvement in their studies. When students are deeply engaged with the material and the learning process, they often experience a sense of accomplishment, joy, and curiosity. These positive emotions, in turn, further reinforce their engagement and motivation to learn (Reschly et al., 2008).
The positive emotions that foster student engagement extend beyond the classroom and coursework. They also contribute to a sense of overall well-being and satisfaction with the educational journey. When students feel engaged and experience positive emotions in the learning process, they are more likely to view their academic experience positively. This positive attitude towards learning can lead to a greater sense of fulfillment and satisfaction with their studies, ultimately contributing to their academic success (Reschly et al., 2008). In addition to the academic benefits, positive emotions and student engagement play a crucial role in the development of key psychological resources. Engaged students are more likely to build these resources, which include problem-solving skills, creativity, and critical thinking abilities (Fredrickson, 2004). These skills are essential for academic success, as they empower students to approach complex concepts and coursework with confidence and competence.
Student engagement, driven by positive emotions, fosters a deep and meaningful learning experience. It encourages students to approach their studies with a sense of purpose and enthusiasm, ultimately enhancing their academic performance. Engaged students are more likely to invest their efforts in their coursework, actively participate in class discussions, and seek out opportunities for intellectual growth (Reschly et al., 2008). The research conducted by Reschly et al. (2008) underlines the essential role of positive emotions in enhancing student engagement, a key factor in academic success for psychology students. Positive emotions serve as a catalyst, motivating students to actively participate in their studies and approach learning with enthusiasm and curiosity. The reciprocal relationship between positive emotions and student engagement creates a dynamic synergy that empowers students to thrive in their academic journey. By actively cultivating positive emotions, psychology students can unlock their potential for flourishing in their studies and achieving academic success.
Conclusion
In summary, Frederickson’s Broaden and Build Theory of positive emotions has a profound impact on the academic journey of psychology students. Research evidence from Denovan et al. (2020), Gloria and Steinhardt (2016), Stuart-Edwards (2023), and Reschly et al. (2008) consistently supports the idea that positive emotions can enhance student engagement, resilience, vitality, and overall academic performance. It is evident that positive emotions act as a catalyst, empowering psychology students to flourish in their pursuit of academic excellence. By actively cultivating positive emotions, students can unlock their full potential and achieve their academic goals with greater enthusiasm and success.
References
Denovan, A., Dagnall, N., Macaskill, A., & Papageorgiou, K. (2020). Future time perspective, positive emotions and student engagement: a longitudinal study. Studies in Higher Education, 45(7), 1533-1546.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367-1377.
Gloria, C. T., & Steinhardt, M. A. (2016). Relationships among positive emotions, coping, resilience, and mental health. Stress and Health, 32(2), 145-156.
Reschly, A. L., Huebner, E. S., Appleton, J. J., & Antaramian, S. (2008). Engagement as flourishing: The contribution of positive emotions and coping to adolescents’ engagement at school and with learning. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 419-431.
Stuart-Edwards, A. (2023). Good begets good? Reciprocal relationships between mindfulness, approach coping, and subjective vitality. Personality and Individual Differences, 202, 111970.
Frequently Asked Questions on Positive Emotions and Academic Success for Psychology Students
- What is the relationship between positive emotions and academic success for psychology students?
Positive emotions are closely linked to academic success for psychology students. They enhance cognitive flexibility, problem-solving skills, and resilience, thereby promoting engagement and vitality in the learning process. When students experience positive emotions, they are more likely to approach their studies with enthusiasm, leading to improved academic performance.
- How do positive emotions contribute to student engagement in the academic context?
Positive emotions play a pivotal role in fostering student engagement. When students experience positive emotions, they become more actively involved in their studies, participating in class discussions, completing assignments, and seeking out additional learning opportunities. This engagement is driven by the motivation and enthusiasm that positive emotions bring.
- Why is resilience essential for academic success, and how are positive emotions linked to resilience?
Resilience is crucial for academic success because it enables students to overcome setbacks and adapt to challenging academic situations. Positive emotions act as emotional buffers, helping students bounce back from stress and adversity. The experience of positive emotions enhances students’ ability to approach challenges with optimism and determination, contributing to their resilience.
- How can vitality, as influenced by positive emotions, impact psychology students’ academic journey?
Vitality, which encompasses energy, enthusiasm, and vigor, plays a significant role in student engagement and academic success. Positive emotions, particularly those induced through mindfulness practices, boost students’ vitality. When students feel vital, they are more likely to approach their studies with enthusiasm and actively participate in their coursework, ultimately enhancing their academic performance.
- Do positive emotions go beyond academic benefits, and how do they impact students’ overall well-being?
Yes, positive emotions extend beyond academic benefits. They also contribute to students’ overall well-being by fostering a positive attitude towards learning and enhancing their sense of fulfillment and satisfaction with their studies. The interplay between positive emotions and well-being creates a positive feedback loop that supports both academic success and personal growth.
Last Completed Projects
| topic title | academic level | Writer | delivered |
|---|
