Explain, analyze and interpret all your results or data Show you understand the results”What is the significance or meaning of the results?

I WILL ATTACH DATA SCREENSHOTS FROM VIRTUAL LABS PERFORMED
There were two laBS PERFORMED SO DATA IS ATTACHED FOR BOTH

the typed lab report will cover the online activities 1 & 3 in Experiment 3 in PhysioEx. Lab reports will
be in research paper format. You will run the computer simulated experiments through the mastering
A&P online program. Reports turned in late will be penalized with 10 points deduction per day for the
first 3 days. Reports turned in 72 hours after the deadline will not be accepted and will receive a ZERO
as a grade.
Below you will find all the details about how to write a lab report. At the end of the document you will
find the grade system that will be applied to your lab report.
Format
The report should have six sections, each with a heading (except the cover page). Headings make it
easy for the reader to find information quickly.
For your lab report, you must use the APA format. For details, refer to the following websites:
(https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/1/ and
https://www.library.cornell.edu/research/citation/apa). The writing center and the librarian can also
guide you on APA format and can even review your lab report assignment. So, be sure to keep that in
mind.
The lab report must be typed and double-spaced. Be sure to do a spelling and grammar check with a
word processing program and proof read manually. Only capitalize words that should be capitalized.
The report must be written in your own words. For example, do not copy sentences from your lab
manual, class mates, or other sources, even in the methods section. The originality of your report
(Turnitin) is to be 24% or lower. Otherwise 10 points will be deducted from your grade. Lab reports
must maintain an originality of less than 50% to be accepted. If you score over 50% on Turnitin you
will be provided 1 opportunity to revise your report to get it under this threshold. If academic dishonesty
is suspected, you may be referred to the Dean of Students; if found responsible, you may receive a
zero for your lab report grade.
Write in the first-person plural (e.g. We found…) or in the third person (e.g. It was found that …), but
not in the second person (e.g. You will find …). Never address the reader as you or write commands
such as You pour 50 ml of water in the beaker or Pour 50 ml of water in the beaker. Rather write,
Fifty ml of water was poured in the beaker or we poured 50 ml of water in the beaker.
A scientific report usually consists of the following sections:
1. Cover Page
2. Introduction
3. Materials and methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Literature cited
Anatomy and Physiology
2
Here is what to include in each section:
1. Cover Page
Include the title of the experiment, the authors name, the name of the course, the instructor,
and the date
The title needs to contain the name of the experiment:
Titles should be straightforward, informative, and < 10 words Example: Lab #24: Studying the effects of caffeine on mice using the PhysioEx The authors name is your complete name The name of the course is the name of the course with your section number Example: Anatomy and Physiology II, section C7L (or BIOL2402.C7L) List your instructors name (Mr. Williams) The date is the due date for the report 2. Introduction and Objective Provide the reader with background information on the topic of the experiment and a brief review of the A&P of the body system involved. Do not repeat what is in the lab manual, but connect this experiment to anatomy and physiology in general. This is where you include previous research (be sure to cite the references!) to link the experiment to the big picture of how the body functions (or fails to function properly) Remember to write at least one paragraph about each experiment! Therefore, if you are working on 4 different activities in PhysioEX9.1, your introduction should have 4 paragraphs. State the objective/purpose of the experiment as the last sentence in the intro. 3. Materials and Methods Scientific papers have a section that lists materials and methods so that another researcher could duplicate your methods and get similar results. This section typically includes: Materials: make a simple, common list of everything used for all activities, but make sure it is accurate and complete Methods: write a paragraph explaining the steps used for conducting the experiment Each activity will have a different method Keep in mind that the reader did not do the experiment, so, dont write things like position 1. If you do, make sure to specify that or where position 1 is. 4. Results The results section should summarize the data from the experiments without interpreting them or discussing their implications. The data should be organized into tables or graphs. DO NOT COPY AND PAST THE TABLE OR GRAPH FROM PHYSIOEX!! YOU MUST CREAT YOUR OWN TABLE OR GRAPH!! If you copy it, you will receive a zero in this section. Tables are charts with rows and columns of numbers. Tables are numbered consecutively, capitalized, and followed with a title. The table number and title always go above the table. Figures are graphs, illustrations, photographs, drawings or images. Figures are also numbered consecutively, capitalized, and followed with a title. Unlike in a table, a figure number and title always go below the figure. Anatomy and Physiology 3 Data included in a table should not be duplicated in a figure or vice versa. For the same data, use either a table or a figure, not both. All figures and tables should have descriptive titles and should include a legend explaining any symbols, abbreviations, or special methods used. Figures and tables should be numbered separately, capitalized, and should be referred to in the text by number, for example: Figure 1 shows that enzymatic activity decreased after five minutes. The enzymatic activity decreased after five minutes (Fig. 1). Figures and tables should be self-explanatory; that is, the reader should be able to understand them without referring to the text. All columns and rows in tables and axes in figures should be labeled. The units for all data should be indicated. If possible, do not divide a table or figure on two or more pages; rather the complete table or figure should be contained on one page. 5. Discussion This is the most important part of your report, because here, you show that you understand the experiment beyond the simple level of completing it DO NOT REWRITE YOUR RESULTS!! HERE YOU NEED TO EXPLAIN WHY YOU GOT THOSE RESULTS! A discussion includes explaining, analyzing and interpreting results You should show an understanding of the results and how these results link to the big picture you referenced in the introduction Do not say there is or is not a significant difference in data unless you have the statistics to back it up. Stating there is a significant difference between experimental groups means you ran statistics on the data. It is unlikely you will run statistics on the data you collect for these lab reports. When discussing data, refer to the figure or table with the relevant data. Example: The mice given the highest dose of caffeine had the fastest heart rate (Figure 1). This is especially important when you have multiple graphics. Explain, analyze and interpret all your results or data Show you understand the results"What is the significance or meaning of the results? Why did I get such data? This section should not just be a restatement of the results but should emphasize interpretation of the data 6. Literature Cited This section includes literature you cited in the introduction and discussion You must have references to this literature in your paper Two required references are your lab manual and the PhysioEx CD How to cite your references: Follow guidelines on this webpage for citing references in a scientific research paper: http://tim.thorpeallen.net/Courses/Reference/Citations.html This is the standard format used by scientists If you choose not to use this format, points will be deducted from your report Dose of Caffeine (cc) Heart Rate (BPM) 0.5 380 1.0 420 1.5 530 2.0 580 2.5 650 3.0 700 3.5 800 4.0 1000 Anatomy and Physiology 5 Here is a sample reference for a journal article from The Journal of the American Medical Association Stulberg J.J., Delaney C.P., Neuhauser D.V., Aron D.C., Fu P., and Koroukian S.M. 2010. Adherence to surgical care improvement project measures and the association with postoperative infections. JAMA. 303(24):24792485. Unacceptable references: Wikipedia and similar websites. To be safe, DO NOT USE WEBSITES YouTube.com lecture notes non-peer reviewed publication

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