Discuss the parts of the nephron and explain the role of each. Respond to 2 other students’ analyses in their inital post.
Read the different renal functions and non-infectious pathologies to discuss the topic
Respond
Alicia Mancuso
Nov 15, 2021 at 11:01 PM
A nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidneys that regulates water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed, and excreting the rest as urine. Its function is vital for homeostasis of blood volume, blood pressure, and plasma osmolarity. It is regulated by the neuroendocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.
The glomerulus is the site in the nephron where fluid and solutes are filtered out of the blood to form a glomerular filtrate.
The proximal and distal tubules, the loop of Henle, and the collecting ducts are sites for the reabsorption of water and ions.
All of the glucose in the blood is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule through ion cotransport.
The loop of Henle (sometimes known as the nephron loop) is a U-shaped tube that consists of a descending limb and ascending limb, which differ in permeability.
The collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule are normally impermeable to water, but this is altered due to hormone stimulus during homeostasis.
The glomerulus is a capillary tuft that receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation. Here, fluid and solutes are filtered out of the blood and into the space made by Bowmans capsule.
The proximal tubule is the first site of water reabsorption into the bloodstream, and the site where the majority of water and salt reabsorption takes place. Water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs due to both passive diffusion across the basolateral membrane, and active transport from Na+/K+/ATPase pumps that actively transports sodium across the basolateral membrane.
The loop of Henle is a U-shaped tube that consists of a descending limb and ascending limb.
The distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is the final site of reabsorption in the nephron.
REFERENCES:
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/24%3A__Urinary_System/24.2%3A_The_Kidneys/24.2D%3A_Nephron_Parts_and_Histology
Respond 2
Hinal Patel
Nov 21, 2021 at 8:45 PM
The nephron is divided into renal corpuscle, renal tubules (SchottII, 2012). The renal corpuscle has two parts: Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule. The renal tubule has divided into the Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct (SchottII, 2012).
Glomerulus: The glomerulus has a diameter of around 200m. It is generated when a tuft of capillaries invaginates into dilated capillaries (SchottII, 2012). The glomerulus’ main job is to filter plasma into the glomerular filtrate, which then travels down the length of the nephron tubule to make urine (SchottII, 2012).
Bowman’s capsule is a structure that surrounds the glomerular capillary loops and aids in filtering from the capillaries (Lakna., 2017). Bowman’s capsule also has a structural purpose, allowing filtrate to enter the nephron and travel to the proximal convoluted tubule through a urinary gap (Lakna., 2017).
When the filtrate leaves the glomerulus, it goes into the renal tubule, a duct in the nephron (Rye, 14). The required components, as well as some water, are reabsorbed through the tube wall into nearby capillaries as it travels (Rye, 14). The second phase in the urine production process is the reabsorption of important elements from the filtrate (Rye, 14).
The cortical collecting tubule’s primary job is to increase the fractional solute contribution and absolute urea concentration in the fluid it transports to the outer medullary collecting duct (JP & Kokko., 2020). The outer medullary collecting duct’s job is to boost the absolute intraluminal urea content even higher (JP & Kokko., 2020).
References
JP;, Kokko. The Role of the Collecting Duct in Urinary Concentration. Kidney International, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2020, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3550230/.
Difference between Bowman’s Capsule and Glomerulus: Definition, Structure, Function, Similarities. Pediaa.Com, 24 Nov. 2017, https://pediaa.com/difference-between-bowmans-capsule-and-glomerulus/.
Rye, Connie, et al. The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs. Concepts of Biology 1st Canadian Edition, BCcampus, 14 May 2015, https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/22-2-the-kidneys-and-osmoregulatory-organs/.
SchottII, Harold C., and J. Brett Woodie. Nephron. Nephron – an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics, 2012, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/nephron.
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