Describe what type of relation would be obtained between the predictor and criterion variables if the results obtained were to be consistent with the hypothesis or proverb.

Hypothesis Testing Paper 1
PSY 275 Introduction to Social Science Research Methods
Final Paper: HYPOTHESES TESTING PAPER (50 points)
due Thursday April 14th, 2022
Submit this paper on Canvas in Word format. Like all the papers for this class, this paper
should incorporate APA format. It should be double-spaced, with 12-point Times New
Roman font and 1-inch margins. You should include an APA formatted title page for
your proposal. You should discuss and cite at least four peer-reviewed journal articles in
your paper. All citations and references should be in APA format, and there should be
correspondence between citations and references.
Proverbs for Hypothesis Testing Assignment
Please choose one of the proverbs below:
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
Two heads are better than one.
Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
Time flies when you are having fun.
The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
The early bird gets the worm.
The more the merrier.
Many hands make light work.
Too many cooks spoil the broth.
The squeaky wheel gets the grease.
A stitch in time saves nine.
You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.
Or, pick another proverb you would like to test. This proverb must be approved
in advance by the instructor and must work with the goals of this assignment (i.e. it must
be testable using correlational and experimental techniques).
Hypothesis Testing Paper 2
HYPOTHESIS TESTING ASSIGNMENT (50 points)
For this paper, you will choose and introduce a proverb. You will then propose a way to
test this proverb using the correlational method (Study 1) and a way to test the same
proverb using the experimental method (Study 2). Finally, you will present a critical
evaluation of both your proposals.
Introduction
Present the problem or issue you are addressing, and discuss the relevant background
literature, connecting the research literature to the proverb you are introducing and
testing. (4 points)
You should discuss and cite at least four peer-reviewed academic journal articles in
your paper. Be sure to utilize APA format in your citations and references. (4 points)
Method
Study 1: Using the Correlational Method (11 points)
For this part of the assignment, you will propose a way to test the proverb using the
correlational method. In your proposal, you need to address the following problems and
issues.
Translation of the proverb into a testable hypothesis (6 points)
Formulate operational definitions that will allow you to test the proverb in question. The
operational definitions that you propose need to satisfy two criteria: (a) they should
clearly define the operations or procedures that will be used to measure the predictor and
the criterion variables, and (b) they should capture the meaning of the variables in
question and the theory being expressed by the proverb.
Participants (Selection of an appropriate sample) (3 points)
Include in your proposal what you believe would be the most appropriate population for
testing your hypothesis, and how you would select a sample from that population. What
sampling and recruitment strategies will you use? You should discuss how appropriate
participants might be located and how potential participants might be persuaded to
participate. Additionally, if you believe that your hypothesis is best tested by procedures
that may put participants at some risk, and you elect to use such a procedure, then you
need to present an argument as to why such a procedure is justified, and what you would
do to reduce risks.
Predictions and/or expected results (2 points)
Describe what type of relation would be obtained between the predictor and criterion
variables if the results obtained were to be consistent with the hypothesis or proverb.
Hypothesis Testing Paper 3
Study 2: Using the Experimental Method (13 points)
In this part of the assignment, you will propose a way to test the same proverb using the
experimental method. In your proposal, you need to address the following problems and
issues.
Translation of the proverb into a testable hypothesis (6 points)
Formulate operational definitions that will allow you to test your proverb. Remember
that you are now proposing a way to test the proverb using the experimental as opposed
to the correlational method. Thus, the operational definition that you propose for your
independent variable must define the operations or procedures that will be used to
manipulate this variable (as opposed only to measuring it, as is appropriate for a predictor
variable). Again, the operational definitions that you propose need to satisfy two criteria:
(a) they should clearly define the operations or procedures that will be used to manipulate
the independent variable and to measure the dependent variable, and (b) they should
capture the meaning of the variables in question and the theory being expressed by the
proverb.
The operational definition of your independent variable should make clear (a) the number
of levels or conditions that you will use to test your hypothesis and (b) how participants
will be assigned to levels or conditions and why.
Control procedures (2 points)
Based on how you decide to manipulate your independent variable, you will need to
control for the influence of certain confounds. Indicate which confounds you believe
would be most likely to influence your participants behavior and describe how you
would attempt to control for their possible influences. You may limit your discussion to
only those confounds that you think would be most critical to control, but you must
indicate at least one potential confound and describe how you will control for its possible
influence.
Participants (Selection of an appropriate sample) (3 points)
Include in your proposal what you believe would be the most appropriate population for
testing your hypothesis, and how you would select a sample from that population. What
sampling and recruitment strategies will you use? You should discuss how appropriate
participants might be located and how potential participants might be persuaded to
participate. As in Study 1, if you elect to use a procedure that may put participants at
some risk, then you need to present an argument as to why such a procedure is justified,
and what you would do to reduce risks.
Predictions and/or expected results (2 points)
Describe the type of results that would be consistent with your hypothesis or proverb.
What differences would you expect to see between the conditions in your experiment?
Hypothesis Testing Paper 4
Critical Evaluation of Proposals (10 points)
In this part of the assignment, you will present a critical evaluation of your two proposals.
Your evaluation should include a consideration of the following five issues, although it
need not do so in the order in which issues are listed, nor does it need to be limited to
these issues.
1. Benefits and limitations of the particular operational definitions that you selected to
use. In considering this issue, you could, for example, contrast it with operational
definitions used in past research, suggest other definitions that might be used in future
research, and what doing so would add to the quality of your research project. (2 points)
2. Limitations on your choice of a participant population or your sampling and
recruitment strategies in terms of the external validity or generalizability of your results.
How might such problems be corrected in future research? (2 points)
3. Consideration of alternative explanations for the finding of a significant relationship
between your predictor and criterion variables other than that they are causally related;
that is, discuss what possible third variables could be producing the observed relationship
between your predictor and criterion, and/or how reverse causality might be an
explanation of the relationship. Similarly, are there alternative explanations for the
finding of a significant effect of your independent variable on your dependent variable?
That is, do you feel that your experiment has been sufficient to rule out all possible
explanations and, if not, what might you do in future research to test other alternative
explanations? (2 points)
4. Comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of the correlational and experimental
methods in the context of your particular proposals. For example, you might consider
whether the two methods you proposed to test your proverb complemented one another in
any way. Were there, for example, questions or issues that you could not address using
one method but were able to address with the other? Do you believe one method would
be a better or more productive way of testing your particular proverb than the other and,
if so, why? (2 points)
5. Discussion of what use could be made of the hypothetical findings or results obtained
from your two proposals; that is, what would be some applications deriving from the
finding that your criterion variable can be predicted by your predictor variable, or that
your independent variable significantly affected your dependent variable? (2 points)
References
Provide an APA formatted reference list at the end of your paper, being sure to include
references for the four required peer-reviewed academic journal articles you had cited in
the paper, as well as for any other sources you cite

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