Write two short Exploration Essays. Each should be 5 pages. In this kind of essay you identify and examine a topic of interest to you that is related in some way to this Human Rights course. The idea is to pick a topic you want to know more about than you can learn from course lectures and readings. The topic can include anything relevant to Human Rights.The most successful essay of this type will not merely present information but will develop a question, theme, or puzzle and will be structured as an analysis of or an argument about this question, theme, or puzzle. The essay will be organized according to the logic of that theme. You might be asking why a certain human rights violation takes place, or you might be wondering whether a certain pattern of social injustice is or isnt thought by experts to be banned by existing international human rights norms. Or you may be interested in exploring the work of a human rights NGO and analyzing how and why it succeeds or falls short in achieving its goals. These are only examples of many possible types of topic.Even though the course places considerable focus on international human rights law, your paper does not have to do so, other than to make sure to link your topic to international law to a degree sufficient to establish that the paper does deal with a human rights topic. You might explore a human rights violation, an institution or organization in the human rights field, an historical event, force, or actor, an advocacy technique, or many other possible subjects. In each case the idea is to tell us why it was interesting enough for you to look into and what you found out, and to provide the information that a sympathetic but skeptical reader would want to know. Sometimes you cant find all the information that you know your reader would like if so, you should say so. The appropriate topic for a paper that explores how human rights law applies to a particular abuse would be to investigate the ways in which relevant institutions or experts treaty bodies, special procedures, human rights courts, authors of law journal articles, human rights NGOs have debated the application of human rights law to the abuse in question.You should normally touch on the following points, but can ignore those that dont fit your theme, and can go beyond them if you have additional things to say. You wont necessarily organize the essay in the same order in which the points are listed here.(1) Identify the issue and the theme, puzzle, or question associated with this issue that you want to address. Why is it interesting? Why is it puzzling? What is the issue?(2) Link it to international human rights norms. If this linkage is uncontroversial, you can make the connection briefly. Whether a particular issue is a human rights issue is sometimes controversial: if so, give information on both sides of the debate. However, proving that a particular situation is a human rights abuse need not be the theme of your paper and, as indicated above, often is not a good theme. Just establish that your topic is germane to this course, then move on.(3) Communicate to the reader why this issue is important or interesting what gives significance to this topic, what might motivate a reader to look at it, what considerations frame and give meaning to the theme or puzzle that you have identified?(4) If appropriate, describe the issues or the phenomenons scope and frequency in geographic, regime-type, temporal, socio-demographic, or other terms, as necessary to make clear what you are talking about.(5) If you are writing about a violation, identify both the rights violator(s) and the persons who are subject to the violation. If you are writing about an advocacy campaign, identify who is running the campaign and whose behavior the campaign is trying to influence. (6) Explain what you have been able to find out about the causes and consequences of the violation, about the motivations for and impact of the campaign, etc.(7) Identify political, social, cultural, economic or other factors that appear to contribute to its occurrence, prevalence, continuation, increase, or decrease.(8) Critically assess biases or shortcomings in the information sources used to research the topic.(9) Address other points that you think are important or which your analysis is likely to have raised in the readers mind.
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