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Astronomers know much about our solar system, but many questions beyond the asteroid belt are left unanswered. As research and technology advance, our knowledge of the solar system will increase. Our knowledge can be used to investigate other solar systems close to our galaxy.
Small Solar Bodies of the Solar System Activity
Planets always cross the orbit of small solar bodies, but what would happen if a small solar body struck the surface of a planet, or even a moon? Let’s take a closer look at the demonstration of an impact with a small solar body striking a planet’s surface or moon.
Download and complete the Small Solar Bodies of the Solar System Worksheet
View the entire demonstration before documenting any information on your worksheet.
You may need to pause the video occasionally to complete your worksheet.
*Note: all spheres were dropped from the same height of 60 cm.
Text Version
Crater Simulation | GeoHub Liverpool
This video contains no audio. The following is a descriiption of what happens in the video simulation and the text shown onscreen.
This is a crater simulation. 5 spheres, 4 glass, and 1 wood creating impact craters in a rectangular pan filled with glitter and flour. A rectangular pan is shown with glitter and flour layered in it. The glitter covers the bottom of the pan, and flour evenly covers the glitter. The first impactor to test is the large marble. The diameter is 3 centimeters, and the mass is 36.5 grams. The large marble is dropped from directly above the pan. When the marble strikes the flour and glitter, it disperses the flour and glitter the same in all directions in the pan and makes a crater. The impactor is not removed from the pan. The next impactor is the medium glass marble with a diameter of 2.53 centimeters and a mass of 21.1g. The marble is dropped from directly above the pan. When the marble strikes the flour and glitter, it disperses the flour and glitter in the pan the same in all directions in the pan and makes a crater in the layered glitter and flour. The impactor is not removed from the pan. The next impactor is the wooden sphere. The diameter of the wooden sphere is 2.44 centimeters, and the mass is 3.9 grams. The wooden sphere is dropped into the pan from directly above the pan. The flour is dispersed slightly in all directions, and the glitter is visible through the flour layer. There are four spheres pictured in the pan, although only three releases were shown. The fourth sphere, a yellow glass marble smaller than the three spheres, dropped into the pan before it but slightly larger than the final blue marble. The yellow marble’s impact forms a crater about the same size as the wooden sphere crater. The final impactor is the smallest impactor, a bl with a diameter of 1.33 cm and a mass of 3.1 grams. The blue marble is dropped into the pan from directly above the pan, and a small amount of flour and glitter is dispersed. The five impactors (glass and wooden spheres) are shown in the rectangular pan and are labeled one through five. Number 1 is the largest glass impactor; number 2 is the wooden sphere, slightly smaller than the impactor labeled number 3. Impactors labeled four and five are the two smallest, respectively. Crater depths for each sphere are shown next to the rectangular pan with the five craters in it. The depths for each crater are shown as:
124.97 mm
210.97 mm
322.41 mm
417.35 mm
516.90 mm
Assessment
Rubric
All students:
Complete the related section(s) in the The Outer Solar System Guided Notes.
Review the Rubric before you begin the activity.
Complete the 03.05 Small Solar Bodies of the Solar System assessment.
45 points possible)
Criteria
Amazing Astronomer
Developing Astronomer
Novice Astronomer
Data and Graph
20 points
The data table correctly identifies the mass, diameter, and depth of each object. Data is graphed accurately, and axes are labeled correctly. The graph illustrates the object’s mass and crater depth clearly.
19-7 points
The data table correctly identifies most of the object’s mass, diameter, and depth. One or two may be missing or added incorrectly. The graph is missing labels and/or the data is not displayed clearly.
6–0 points
Fails to complete the data table. The graph is either missing or significant mistakes are made in the labeling of the axes or displaying of data.
Analysis and Conclusion
25 points
Answers to questions include full and accurate responses. Answers demonstrate a complete understanding of the relationship between the mass of a small solar body and crater depth.
19-10 points
Answers to questions mainly include full and accurate responses. Answers mostly demonstrate a complete understanding of the relationship between the mass of a small solar body and crater depth.
9–0 points
Answers to questions include partially accurate responses. Answers demonstrate a partial understanding of the relationship between the mass of a small solar body and crater depth.
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