Did nationalism exist before the nation state? Answer with reference to AT LEAST TWO societies.

Oxford referencing (with footnotes) required please.
This should focus on the medieval period, using England and Wales as exampled of societies with one other (eg Norman)

Suggested sources:

Davies, R.R., Nations and National Identities in the Medieval World: An Apologia , Revue Belge dhistoire contemporaine, 34 (2004), 567-79.

Geary, P., in The myth of nations: the medieval origins of modern Europe (Princeton, NJ, 2002).

Pohl, W., Strategies of distinction: the construction of ethnic communities, 300-800 (Leiden, 1998), pp. 1-15.

Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of NationalismLinks to an external site., revised edn (London and New York, 1991).

Bourdieu, Pierre, ‘The production and reproduction of legitimate language’, in his Language and symbolic power, trans. Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 43-65.

Crick, Julia, ‘The British past and the Welsh future’, Celtica 23 (1999): electronic access to this issue is available here.

Cohen, J.J. ‘In the borderlands: the identities of Gerald of Wales’, in his Hybridity, Identity, and Monstrosity in Medieval Britain: On Difficult Middles (New York, 2006), pp. 77-108.

Cross, K., Heirs of the Vikings: History and identity in Normandy and England, c.950-1015 (Cambridge, 2018).

Davies, R.R., The first English Empire: power and identities in the British Isles 1093-1343(Oxford, 2002), especially chapter 6.

Pryce, Huw, ‘British or Welsh? National identity in twelfth-century Wales’ English Historical Review 116 (2001), 775-801.

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